An observed fact in the EU financial sector that, instead of setting up branches abroad or mergers and acquisitions, banks often prefer to enter into agreements with strong partners known and rooted in the respective EU country. These alliances are sometimes consolidated, where appropriate, through the exchange of minority stakes. – See agglomeration effect, share swap takeover, alignment, informal, foreign bank branch, bank size, optimal, assertion strategy, guard money, downsizing, Europe AG, European passport, Gibrat rule, gigabank, size trust, syndicated loan, correspondent bank relationship, megamania, Penrose theorem, ring fencing, subsidiarity principle, synergy potentials, loss sharing arrangement, branch company. – Cf. ECB Monthly Bulletin of August 2002, p. 58, ECB Monthly Bulletin of October 2008, p. 75 ff. (cross-border bank mergers; detailed account; many overviews), Deutsche Bundesbank Annual Report 2011, p. 117 ff. (German institutions abroad; overview).
All-in fee (also referred to in German): A method of calculating costs that is particularly common among capital management companies. The all-in fee combines the management fee (management renumeration) and the charges of the depository bank as well as other costs incurred in fund management (in particular transaction costs) into a single fee. This is usually set as a percentage, so that the investor knows from the outset what charge to expect. – See issue premium, fixed fee, high watermark method, commission, asset manager.

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University Professor Dr. Gerhard Merk, Dipl.rer.pol., Dipl.rer.oec.
Professor Dr. Eckehard Krah, Dipl.rer.pol.
E-mail address: info@ekrah.com
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Ernst_Merk
https://www.jung-stilling-gesellschaft.de/merk/
https://www.gerhardmerk.de/

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