In general, the bodies established by law in a country or in an association of countries, such as the EU, to monitor activity on the financial markets. Their actions have a positive externality effect because they strengthen the stability of the financial system. – In Euroland, a decentralized system of supervision had emerged; it took advantage of the proximity and special knowledge of the responsible national bodies and combined this with various forms of close cross-border cooperation. As of 2014, a separate European banking supervisor was established for the euro area. – See bancassurance, supervision, European, supervision, global, supervisory triangle, supervisory culture, Committee of European Securities Regulators, impact studies, banking supervision, European, balance sheet cap, Federal Financial Supervisory Authority, Swiss Federal Banking Commission, calls for advice, Cassisde Dijon ruling, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, consolidating supervisor, enforcement, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Federal Reserve System, Financial Services Authority, financial market, growth significance, Forum of European Securities Regulators, fragmentation, supervisory, Free Banking, Five Hundred Rule, Same Business – Same Rule Principle, International Organization of Securities Commissions, Microinsurers, Lead Supervisor, Lamfalussy Proposal, Macroprudential, Murphy’s Law, Pankratium, Office of Comptroller, Office of Thrift Supervision, Peter Rule, ring fencing, regulatory roundtable, Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Securities and Exchange Commission, structural conservatism, systemic conflict, financial market, transparency level, information sharing agreements, commitment period, twelve-field risk matrix. – Cf. BaFin’s 2004 Annual Report, p. 32, p. 43 (overview of the various bodies) and the respective BaFin Annual Report; Deutsche Bundesbank’s Monthly Report of January 2006, p. 49 (comparison of supervision in Germany, England and the U.S.), BaFin’s 2007 Annual Report, p. 111 et seq. (new supervisory guideline with delineation of the responsibilities of the Deutsche Bundesbank and BaFin), Deutsche Bundesbank Monthly Report of December 2009, p. 63 (guidelines for the work and cooperation of supervisory bodies), Deutsche Bundesbank Monthly Report of April 2013, p. 41 ff. (macroprudential supervision in Germany: detailed presentation, important notes in the comments).

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University Professor Dr. Gerhard Merk, Dipl.rer.pol., Dipl.rer.oec.
Professor Dr. Eckehard Krah, Dipl.rer.pol.
E-mail address: info@ekrah.com
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Ernst_Merk
https://www.jung-stilling-gesellschaft.de/merk/
https://www.gerhardmerk.de/

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