on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

In older documents, a common activity of recruiting officers (military recruiters: soldiers of rank empowered to enlist young men for compulsory military service) that was seen with disgust and classified as criminal. In return for payment of usually very high sums, they certified the conscript as unfit for military service. In addition to such dispensation […]

on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

Said of the policy of the Federal Reserve System in the USA. – In the U.S.A., every second household owned stocks in 2006. – However, household (consumption) spending has been shown to be very closely correlated with stock prices. – The Fed therefore regards stock prices as an intermediate target variable of monetary policy; accordingly, […]

on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

Body of the ESCB with the objective of contributing to the design and coordination of the ECB’s communication with the public. – Cf. 2001 Annual Report of the Deutsche Bundesbank, p. 142. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without express consent! University Professor Dr. Gerhard […]

on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

International body set up by central banks to define requirements for payment systems. – See payment procedures, innovative, retail payments, electronic, migration, RTGS system, SEPA Council, Single European Payment Area, Target. – Cf. 2001 Annual Report of the Deutsche Bundesbank, p. 145, ECB Monthly Report of February 2002, p. 72, 2007 Annual Report of the […]

on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

The introduction of market-based valuation approaches by Solvency II causes some difficulties for insurance companies. This is particularly the case when insurers have provided long-term interest rate guarantees to their customers, while market interest rates are close to zero due to the central bank’s low interest rate policy. A special impact study conducted in 2013 […]

on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

Banks owned by automobile manufacturers with the main purpose (practical effect) of financing customers in the purchase or leasing of a vehicle from their own company. In some cases, the business also extends to granting loans to suppliers. In comparisons of the terms and conditions of auto banks with other sources of financing, these specialized […]

on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

Abbreviation for business-to-consumer. This refers to payments (mainly in the form of wages and salaries) made by companies to private households, Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without express consent! University Professor Dr. Gerhard Merk, Dipl.rer.pol., Dipl.rer.oec. Professor Dr. Eckehard Krah, Dipl.rer.pol. E-mail address: info@ekrah.com […]

on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

company-specific global analysis): In relation to the financial market – first of all, the most accurate possible forecast of the future (worldwide) market situation; – in a second step, one goes back to today in order to determine from this which development steps are necessary in order to be able to cope with the future […]

on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

Any bad bank consideration faces two opposing circumstances. – On the one hand, banks‘ balance sheets are to be relieved of securities for which – at least temporarily – there is no functioning market, and – for which there is a threat of substantial book losses, because the value adjustments affect the banks‘ equity capital […]

on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

An option [call option or put option] is „out of the money“ if the price of the underlying on the spot market is below [above in the case of the put option] the strike price (an option that has no intrinsic value, i.e., all of its value consists of time value. A call option is […]