on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

Generally, an economic hardship that persistently determines the living situation. It is usually distinguished an – absolute poverty (destitution), in which basic human needs such as water, food, clothing, shelter, health care and schooling (basic human needs which usually includes water, nutrition, clothing, shelter, health care and schooling) can not be satisfied. In another definition, […]

on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

Another term for the first-loss tranche in a securitization, also called equity tranche and junior tranche. – The extent to which this tranche can actually absorb a payment default first depends entirely on its thickness (the share of this tranche in relation to the pool as a whole), which is very often overlooked (and by […]

on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

A body proposed several times in Germany that monitors the work of the chambers of auditors and has the right to issue instructions to them. According to these ideas, the quality control of the auditors is also the responsibility of the commission (and then no longer of the chambers). The purpose of Apak is to […]

on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

Unless otherwise defined, this is the amount carried forward from purchases and sales in a foreign currency (xeno currency) made by customers – mainly industrial companies, insurance companies and funds – at foreign exchange dealers: brokers and banks. This balance can be used under ordinary circumstances as a measure of buying pressure for a particular […]

on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

In this case, banks do not immediately forward their customers‘ stock market orders, which may cause investors to suffer losses, especially during subscription deadlines. Therefore, immediate order routing is monitored by regulators. – See execution, immediate, best execution, collection time, latency. – Cf. 2001 Annual Report of the Federal Supervisory Office for Securities Trading, p. […]

on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

Unless otherwise defined, the ratio of a bank’s administrative burden to its operating income. The ratio is considered an important indicator for assessing the efficiency (ratio of costs to performance) and productivity (ratio of factor input to performance) of a bank. – It should be emphasized that this ratio always relates to past or current […]

on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

In earlier times, a tax in cash was levied on persons who wished to settle within a (city) municipality or territory as immigrants, also called Anmanngeld, Annehmungsgeld, Ansässengeld, Bürgergeld, Einstandsgeld, Einzugsgeld, Nachbargeld, Rezeptionsgeld and Sitzgeld. – The respective parish sometimes also demanded a church fee from the newcomers – see Abzugsgeld, Ärariengeld, Dienstgeld, Dispensationsgeld, Einstandsgeld, […]

on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

Special tax introduced in Germany after the Thirty Years‘ War (1618-1648) to replenish the manorial coffers and payable in cash, which persisted in some territorial states until the 19th century. The tax was levied mainly on changes of ownership of real estate and business assets. – See exemption money, service money, dispensation money, mutton money, […]

on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

The total amount of cash and non-cash benefits paid by employers to employees divided by the total number of employees. In addition to gross wages and salaries, it includes bonuses, overtime payments and employers‘ social security contributions. This figure is carefully monitored by the central bank, as it can be used to draw conclusions about […]

on 2023/07/21 by alex1, []

Earlier form of welfare aid as assistance for subsistence (living). This involved payments by the parish or political community to persons who could not (or could no longer) support themselves out of their own resources (almsmen; poverty-stricken persons, almsmen and almswomen). – Cash payment to feed the poor. In Europe, various methods were used to […]